What do Vygotsky's theories suggest is the primary influence on learning?

Vygotsky's theories emphasize the significant role of culture in the learning process. He proposed that learning is primarily influenced by the cultural context in which a learner exists. This includes the language, traditions, tools, and practices of the society. Vygotsky argued that cultural artifacts—such as educational tools, language, and social norms—shape the ways individuals think and learn.

His concept of the "Zone of Proximal Development" highlights that learners can achieve higher levels of understanding and skill when guided by more knowledgeable others within their cultural environment. This interaction between culture and social context is central to Vygotsky's notion that cognition develops as a product of social interaction and is deeply rooted in the cultural practices of the community.

Though social interaction and cognitive development are integral components of his theory, they are framed within the larger context of culture, making culture the primary influence on learning according to Vygotsky.