What cognitive ability is acquired during the "Formal Operational" stage?

During the "Formal Operational" stage, which is part of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, individuals gain the ability to think abstractly and engage in logical problem-solving. This stage typically begins around the age of 11 and continues into adulthood. Abstract reasoning is the capacity to understand concepts that are not tied to concrete objects or experiences, allowing for the consideration of hypothetical situations, the creation of theories, and the ability to think critically about complex issues.

This cognitive ability enables individuals to perform operations on abstract concepts rather than just on physical objects, which is a hallmark of earlier developmental stages. The development of abstract reasoning is essential for advanced mathematical thinking, scientific reasoning, and philosophical inquiry, therefore laying the foundation for higher-level intellectual tasks and decision-making processes that are prevalent in later life and education.